Best Steels for Superior Edge Retention
By Jason R. Caldwell – Tactical Gear Contributor, based in Bozeman, Montana
This is the 17th blog of the Knife blog series. You can check the other blogs I wrote from here – https://thriftyknife.com/blogs
If you’re serious about knives, then choosing the best steels for superior edge retention is a decision that directly affects performance, longevity, and user satisfaction. Whether you’re a chef, hunter, or EDC enthusiast, understanding which steels retain their edge longest helps you invest wisely.
Why Edge Retention Matters 🗡️
Edge retention refers to how long a knife stays sharp during use. For professionals and outdoor users, this means less time sharpening and more time using the tool effectively. Steel composition plays a central role in determining how well a blade keeps its edge.
Key Characteristics of High Edge-Retention Steels
Hardness (HRC Rating): Harder steels typically hold an edge longer.
Carbide Content: More carbides = better wear resistance.
Heat Treatment: Even great steel performs poorly without proper tempering.
Top Steels Known for Superior Edge Retention
1. CPM S90V
Extremely high wear resistance due to vanadium carbides
Excellent for high-end folding knives and hunting blades
Slightly tougher to sharpen
Why it’s great: If edge retention is your #1 priority, S90V is a leader.
2. M390
A premium stainless steel with a great balance of corrosion resistance and edge holding
Used in many high-performance EDC knives
Supporting source: Knife Steel Nerds on M390
3. Elmax
High chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium content
Holds an edge well while being easier to maintain than S90V
4. Maxamet
Tool steel with exceptional hardness (up to 70 HRC)
Used by Spyderco and other premium brands
Caution: Can be brittle under lateral stress.
5. CPM 20CV
Similar to M390 in composition and performance
Strong contender in premium EDC and survival knives
How These Steels Compare ⚔️
| Steel | Edge Retention | Ease of Sharpening | Corrosion Resistance |
|---|---|---|---|
| S90V | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| M390 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Elmax | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Maxamet | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
| CPM 20CV | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
Things to Consider Before Buying 🔍
Your Purpose: Are you cutting rope, food, or wood?
Sharpening Skill: Some steels are notoriously difficult to sharpen.
Maintenance Routine: Stainless steels are better for humid or wet conditions.
Final Word from the Field 🧤
As someone who’s field-tested dozens of blades, I can say that high edge-retention steels are worth the investment — especially when paired with a solid heat treatment. If you’re looking to upgrade your kit, check out the selection at www.thriftyknife.com — the shop features a range of knives suited for various tasks.
Got questions or want help choosing the right steel for your needs? Drop them in the comment section below. And let me know what you’d like to learn about in next week’s Knife blog — maybe we’ll explore the science behind blade grinds or the best knives for camping.